Aims and Scope: JPRAS An International Journal of Surgical Reconstruction is one of the world's leading international journals, covering all the reconstructive and aesthetic aspects of plastic surgery .The journal presents the latest surgical procedures with audit and outcome studies of new and established techniques …ce of simultaneous batwing mastopexy performed at the time of immediate implant-based reconstruction. Methods: Using retrospective chart review, the authors identified patients who underwent immediate implant-based breast reconstruction from 2015 through 2020 at a single institution. The patients were divided into two cohorts—batwing mastopexy and …Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that publishes clinical and basic research on the epidemiology, ...Ask your questions to the authors on this topic on Sunday, March 24th, during our PRS Journal Club Facebook Q&A! Bruno Salazar and 17 others.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the field and also clinical …About Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. For more than 60 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of ...ose of this review was to investigate the advantages, diverse application, outcomes, cost benefits, use in challenging environments, patient considerations, and contraindications associated with WALANT. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on the WALANT technique was conducted. Search terms included: WALANT, wide-awake …Мы хотели бы показать здесь описание, но сайт, который вы просматриваете, этого не позволяет.Conclusion: 3D printed biodegradable P4HB scaffolds maintain diameter and projection while approximating the histologic appearance and mechanical properties of native human nipples after one year with a minimal complication profile. These long term pre-clinical data suggest that P4HB scaffolds may be readily translated for clinical application. For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn ... Ovid: Table of Contents, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. Journals A-Z >. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open - Vol 12 February 2024.For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent r. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS; PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY; PRS GLOBAL OPEN ; ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK; AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS ... October 2022: Oct 2022 Journal …Dec 6, 2021 ... This naturally led to the creation of the Society's journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, which is in fact still its primary journal to ...Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: March 2021 - Volume 147 - Issue 3 - p 570e-571e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007662. Free ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: June 2006 - Volume 117 - Issue 7S - p 42S-58S. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000225432.17501.6c. Buy; Metrics ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal Content. Most Popular; For Authors; About the Journal;For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent r. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS; PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY; PRS GLOBAL OPEN ; ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK; AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS ... October 2022: Oct 2022 Journal …ose of this review was to investigate the advantages, diverse application, outcomes, cost benefits, use in challenging environments, patient considerations, and contraindications associated with WALANT. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on the WALANT technique was conducted. Search terms included: WALANT, wide-awake …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal and the official publication of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. It covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including operative procedures, clinical or laboratory research, and case reports. ISSN. 0032-1052.The only way to discover the limits of possible is to go to beyond them into the impossible. —Arthur C. Clarke. Plastic surgery strives for innovation to advance our specialty; thus comes about the “Ideas and Innovations” article type in the pages of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Innovation requires ideas and creativity, yet an idea alone fails …Burn patients require interdisciplinary care in which the plastic surgeon plays a prominent role. Appropriate referral, assessment, treatment, and posttreatment supports are essential to achieving favorable outcomes following burn injury. The authors reviewed the current literature on epidemiology, prevention, referral criteria, critical care ...Breast reconstruction can rebuild the shape of the breast after a mastectomy for breast cancer. Read about the types of implants and how it is done. If you need a mastectomy, you h...The Outcomes Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery was created more than a decade ago in 2009 and has been a critical addition to the Journal, containing articles with some of the highest impact factors.It has been expanded and revamped, mirroring the growth and changes of the outcomes movement. In this article, we review the history of outcomes research and …The journal presents the latest surgical procedures with audit and outcome studies of new and established techniques in plastic surgery including: cleft lip and palate and other …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: February 2021 - Volume 147 - Issue 2 - p 319-327. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007518. Buy; ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal …In this video, Rod J. Rohrich, MD (Editor-in-Chief of "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery") discusses a new paper which studies these concerns proposes a new strategy to help …Rei Ogawa, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan, [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) , where it is ...A 2-cm incision is marked 1 cm inferior to the Stensen duct. The incision is made sharply and then electrocautery is used to prevent any bleeding that may obstruct visualization. Dissection then proceeds bluntly with scissors and smooth forceps. The fat pad is quickly encountered and grasped with the forceps.Official Account for the Premier #PlasticSurgery Journal in the World! ... The 2nd episode of the March 2024 PRS Journal ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ...For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …Taoyuan and Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Zurich, Switzerland. From the 1 Department of General Surgery. 3 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 6 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center. 2 College of Medicine, Chang Gung University. 4 Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn …Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi is a scientific international journal focusing on plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. The journal is peer-reviewed and open access, covering articles from all subdisciplines of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including burns, craniomaxillofacial, hand surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, and oncoplastic, wounds and … Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® ( PRS), founded in 1946, is the leading journal among plastic surgeons worldwide and is the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons. More ... 12 Jul 2022 ... Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) remains highly relevant to the unmet need for surgery in Malawi. Better understanding the current ... Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery features original articles and reviews on topics such as ptosis, eyelid reconstruction, orbital diagnosis and surgery, lacrimal problems, and eyelid malposition. PRS Journal Club Podcast; PRS Grand Rounds; Baker Gordon Video Collection; Plastic Surgery Hot Topic Videos; Masters Series Video Vignettes; Video Gallery; ... Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGaw Medical Center, Northwestern University, 675 N St. Clair Street, Suite 19-250, Chicago, Ill. 60611, ... The manuscript will be submitted solely to Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and not to another journal; The manuscript will be well written; and; The authors will provide any and all financial disclosures up front, at the time of submission. In return, the Journal promises to provide an expert peer review of the manuscripts. The review panel ... 12 Jul 2022 ... Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) remains highly relevant to the unmet need for surgery in Malawi. Better understanding the current ...For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery began publication in 1946, and its inaugural issues focused largely on war time injuries, cleft lip and palate, and wound management. The first article published on cosmetic surgery appeared in Volume 2 of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, published in 1947, and was written by Joseph Safian, entitled “A ...Oct 31, 2023 · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has an h-index of 198.It means 198 articles of this journal have more than 198 number of citations. The h-index is a way of measuring the productivity and citation impact of the publications. Updated: 7/21/2021. Contains: 19 items. Editor-in-Chief, Rod J. Rohrich, MD announces the 2020 awards for the Best Papers in "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery." Awards will be presented to all winners as part of Virtual Plastic Surgery- The Meeting 2020. Meet the award winners on the PSTM portal today!From the * Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ... The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open 11(12):p e5484, December 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005484. Open; SDC; Associated Video;Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: January 2021 - Volume 147 - Issue 1 - p 219-230. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007509. Buy; Associated Video; Metrics ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal Content. Most Popular; For Authors; About the Journal;Plastic Surgery Resident; PRS Journal Club Archive; PRS Journal Club Podcast; PRS Grand Rounds; For Authors. Submit a Manuscript; Information for Authors; Language …ate a reconstructive algorithm. 3. Anticipate potential complications and design effective strategies to manage and treat common complications following eyelid reconstruction. Summary: Defects of the eyelid can result from trauma, burns, or resection of cutaneous malignancies. Repair of eyelid defects presents unique challenges to reconstructive …Scope Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the field and also clinical …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: March 2021 - Volume 147 - Issue 3 - p 570e-571e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007662. Free ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal …In contrast, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) is one of the most prominent plastic surgery journals with a high impact factor in the field. 11–13 PRS consistently publishes research from around the globe and the volume of articles published allows for trends elucidated from the journal to better reflect the field as a whole. 12For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. ... Journal: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery July 2020, Volume 146, Issue 1; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. …Since the first use of a monocular microscope for ear surgery by Nylen in 1921 and a binocular microscope by Holmgren in 1923, in addition to the timely developments of the Zeiss operating microscope, microsurgical instruments, and suture materials, microsurgery was born in several surgical disciplines in the ensuing 50-year period. The ...About Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. For more than 60 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of ...For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn …For over 70 years, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist called upon for plastic surgery techniques or to work in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. A leader in the field, the journal is comprehensive, yet easy to read, …Read the latest articles of Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier’s leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literatureFor more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn …The authors propose an innovative procedure for correcting Poland syndrome thoracic malformations using three-dimensional modeling. Moreover, the authors ...Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (JPRS) is the official peer-reviewed and open-access journal of the Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The Journal’s aim is to advance knowledge of plastic and reconstructive surgery-related studies, and to promote the standards in research and conduct of physicians, surgeons ...Plastic Surgery Resident; PRS Journal Club Archive; PRS Journal Club Podcast; PRS Grand Rounds; For Authors. Submit a Manuscript; Information for ... Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine. Kyungpook National University 130 Dongdeok-ro, Daegu, 41944, South Korea. Phone: +82-53-420 …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, …Rei Ogawa, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan, [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) , where it is ... As a service to our readers, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® reviews books, DVDs, practice management software, and electronic media items of educational interest to reconstructive and aesthetic surgeons. All items are copyrighted and available commercially. The Journal actively solicits information in digital format for review. Jun 30, 2022 · DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Results from Each of Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2) Carruthers, Jean D.; Fagien, Steve; Joseph, John H.; More. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 145 (1):45-58, January 2020. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal and the official publication of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. It covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including operative procedures, clinical or laboratory research, and case reports. ISSN. 0032-1052.15 Jul 2021 ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery's new impact factor is 4.730, an all-time high! Each PRS article is cited more than 4.7 times on average! Targeting Alternative Splicing for Reversal of Cellular Senescence in the Context of Aesthetic Aging. Bramwell, Laura R.; Harries, Lorna W. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 147 (1S-2):25S-32S, January 2021. Abstract. The Plastic, Reconstructive & Regenerative Surgery (PRRS) is an international peer-reviewed journal focusing on scientific research and clinical … The Australasian Journal of Plastic Surgery publishes original research on all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery research and review including aesthetic, breast, burns, cleft lip and palate, craniomaxillofacial, experimental research, general reconstruction, hand, head and neck, history of plastic and military surgery, international collaboration, melanoma and skin cancer ... April 2022: Tissue Expander Outcomes; Antibiotics & Breast Cancer Surgery; ACGME Milestone Implementation . May 2022: Reconstruction Complications; Decreasing Early Lymphedema; Mesh for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. June 2022: Breast Recon after Infection; Robotic Harvest of the Latissimus Dorsi; Face Lift Practice. InCites, a web-based research evaluation benchmarking and analytics tool, released its 2022 Journal Citation Report, revealing that Plastic and Reconstructive …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, …The only way to discover the limits of possible is to go to beyond them into the impossible. —Arthur C. Clarke. Plastic surgery strives for innovation to advance our specialty; thus comes about the “Ideas and Innovations” article type in the pages of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Innovation requires ideas and creativity, yet an idea alone fails …Types of Plastics - Types of plastics include thermoplastic, polystyrene and polyethylene. Learn more about some of the different types of plastics. Advertisement Plastics can be d...Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: January 2010 - Volume 125 - Issue 1 - p 378-383. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c2a571. Buy; ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal …This journal is the official publication of the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery (AACS) and features state-of-the-art cosmetic surgery procedures, ...ate a reconstructive algorithm. 3. Anticipate potential complications and design effective strategies to manage and treat common complications following eyelid reconstruction. Summary: Defects of the eyelid can result from trauma, burns, or resection of cutaneous malignancies. Repair of eyelid defects presents unique challenges to reconstructive …The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 210(7), 479–485. Kugler, T. (2022, February 10). Annual Report: American Academy of Facial Plastic and …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic … Targeting Alternative Splicing for Reversal of Cellular Senescence in the Context of Aesthetic Aging. Bramwell, Laura R.; Harries, Lorna W. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 147 (1S-2):25S-32S, January 2021. Abstract. From the * Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ... The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open 11(12):p e5484, December 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005484. Open; SDC; Associated Video; For more than 50 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn ... Jul 21, 2021 · Contains: 19 items. Editor-in-Chief, Rod J. Rohrich, MD announces the 2020 awards for the Best Papers in "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery." Awards will be presented to all winners as part of Virtual Plastic Surgery- The Meeting 2020. Meet the award winners on the PSTM portal today! Modi could have spared himself the embarrassment if he'd put aside the epics and reached for some real Sanskrit treatises instead. Over the weekend, Prime Minister Narendra Modi ca... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the field and also clinical articles on such topics as: breast ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the field and also clinical articles on such topics as: breast ... This is especially true in plastic and reconstructive surgery which is one of the most competitive specialties. Hence, surgeons in training must be familiar with the current literature in the field. ... (15.3%) units subscribed to all journals. The plastic surgery units in London and Scotland had higher access to the selected journals compared ...About the Journal Aims and Scope Statement. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open (PRS Global Open) is an open access, peer-reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.PRS Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the …1 Sept 2017 ... Layt is proud to be featured on the cover of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal. Click here to read the article which outlines the ...Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 1-6 (2023) See all volumes and issues. ... Endoscopy-assisted versus open tissue expander placement in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a meta-analysis. Chen Dong, Liwei Dong, Zhou Yu & Xianjie Ma. Pages: 193-201.Sep 30, 2021 · Loss to follow-up after direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Eun Key Kim, Soo Hyun Woo, Do Yeon Kim, Eun Jeong Choi, Kyunghyun Min, Taik Jong Lee, Jin Sup Eom & Hyun Ho Han. Pages: 64-70. Published online: 10 Jan 2022. For over 70 years, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist called upon for plastic surgery techniques or to work in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. A leader in the field, the journal is comprehensive, yet easy to read, … About the journal. The goal of CJPRS is to publish the most current and innovative research in all areas relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery. CJPRS is committed to providing a forum for scholars and experts to communicate freely, to cooperate actively, and to promote advancements in the plastic and …. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery features original articles and reviews on topics such as ptosis, eyelid reconstruction, orbital diagnosis and surgery, lacrimal problems, and eyelid malposition. Update reports on diagnostic techniques, surgical equipment and instrumentation, and medical therapies are included, as well as detailed …Plastic Surgery Resident; PRS Journal Club Archive; PRS Journal Club Podcast; PRS Grand Rounds; For Authors. Submit a Manuscript; Information for Authors; Language …Gottlieb and Krieger in 1994 suggested that reconstructive surgery involves creative parallel thought rather than simple sequential thought and devised the reconstructive elevator 1 as an alternative to the reconstructive ladder 2 that was prevalent earlier. Although the reconstructive ladder allowed unidirectional movement (from simplest to ….