Jamaican language to english - There is a heated debate amongst Jamaicans on whether "patois" (patwah) is a language or an English "dialect". If you don't know Jamaican patois (patwah) it definitely sounds like another language. Below is a list of 20 Essential Jamaican Patois phrases translated to …

 
English is the official language of schools, businesses and government in Jamaica, and is widely spoken all over the island. However, with Jamaican patois being an English based creole, this may lead to some confusion among other English speakers who may identify some words they know, but can’t quite understand what is being said. Jamaicans .... Hewel osco

Visit our book store to learn more about the Jamaican language and culture. We offer a variety of resources: Language Guides. Puzzles. Journal Notebooks. SHOP NOW. …Languages; English (British English, Jamaican English), Jamaican Patois: Religion; Majority of Christianity ... John Barnes is the most capped English Jamaican to have played for the England national football team, and a number of the current national team players have origins in Jamaica, ...The lexicon of Jamaican Creole does not only include words from English but also from other languages; some of these words that were adopted from other languages include the word ‘maroon’ from Spanish, ‘pikni’ from Portuguese, and ‘unu’ (which is the plural of the word ‘you’) from Igbo.” ... “English in the Caribbean.” ...Richard Nordquist. Updated on January 16, 2019. Caribbean English is a general term for the many varieties of the English language used in the Caribbean archipelago and on the Caribbean coast of Central America (including Nicaragua, Panama, and Guyana). "In the simplest terms," says Shondel Nero, "Caribbean English is a …While it shares vocabulary and some grammatical structures with English, Jamaican Patois is considered a distinct language due to its unique phonology, syntax, …Like British English, Jamaican Standard English is a non-rhotic language 2 and according to Lawton (1984:255) there is no significant difference in comparison to Received Pronunciation 3. Moreover both languages have the same realization of vowels and consonants (Lawton 1984:255). Despite that, the prosody of both languages differ.The Jamaican Languge Unit may be contacted at: Email: [email protected]. Telephone: 876-970-2953. WhatsApp: 876-209-9065. The Jamaican Language Unit (JLU) is a Unit in the Department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy, UWI, Mona, with effect from September 2002. In May, 2001, representations were made to the Joint Select …Jamaican Patois, also known locally as 'patwa' or 'patwah,' is an English-based creole language unique to the island of Jamaica. It's not just how we speak, it's how we feel, how we laugh, how we grieve. It's not just words, it's history, it's rhythm, it's home. See, Jamaican Patois is more than an accent; it's a mix of English, African tongues ...The Jamaican language has had an indelible impact on modern English in the UK, with younger generation liberally sprinkling patois into their everyday conversations. London youths are combining Jamaican patois with traditional “black” street and hip-hop language, cockney elements, and influences from Polish, Turkish, and South Asian influences to …Feb 28, 2023 · Jamaican literature and music found an international audience, introducing Patwa to the world. As Jamaicans left the island and settled in different countries, so did Patwa. “As Jamaicans migrated to seek work in Panama, Honduras and Cuba, and later to London, Brooklyn and Toronto, they took their language with them” (Chang, 2021). To receive a $10, $25 or $50 DISCOUNT, follow the instructions on. Select source language. Submit files (optional; up to 1 GB ea.) Upload a file. Jamaican Translation services company offering high quality professional Jamaican translation at excellent prices. Jamaican translation to or from English.Rastafarian words and phrases are a combination of English dialect and Jamaican Patois spoken primarily by Rastafarians. The Rastafarian language is actually much easier to learn than Jamaican Patois because it’s mostly a play on English words (e.g. “overstand” for “understand”,“downpress” for “oppress”,“ I-ditate” for “meditate” …These new sovereign states elected to keep English as an official language. On 22 June 1948, the ship MV Empire Windrush arrived at Tilbury Docks, Essex, bringing workers from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and other West Indian islands, as a response to post-war labour shortages in the UK. The Windrush generation, as the Caribbean immigrants ...Originally published in 1966, Beryl Loftman Bailey's book was one of the first on the Jamaican Creole language, its origins and its influence on the teaching of English in Jamaica. A native Jamaican herself, Bailey's personal experience of both learning and later teaching English in the Caribbean was a springboard to her interest in the ...Just chilling. Kicking it back. Mi Nice / Mi Criss / Mi Gud. I’m doing ok, I’m good, I’m great, I’m fine. Mi Naw Deal Wid Nutten / Nutten Naw Gwaan. Having a bad day. Not doing too well. This response is more of a downer, which is used when a person is stressed, in a bad mood or just not doing too well at the moment.Dec 10, 2008 · Jamaican Creole: Morphology and syntax. December 2008. DOI: 10.1515/9783110208405.2.609. In book: The Americas and the Caribbean (pp.609-644) Authors: Peter Patrick. University of Essex. Jamaican Translator, allows you currently to translate from standard English to Jamaican Patois. Learn more about our language by doing quizzes about interesting topics. Translate and send your translations with your favorite Instant Messaging app to friends, families or even Jamaican natives. Learn more about patois by doing quizzes. Jamaica's main vernacular language is the English-lexified Jamaican Creole called Patwa, a language of ethnic/national identification, largely unintelligible to non-Jamaicans. Patwa, which comprises the basilect and mesolect of a Creole continuum, is not genetically descended from its English or African input languages. The acrolect, Standard …Jamaican Patois, also known as Jamaican Creole, is a fascinating English-based Creole language. While English is the official language of Jamaica, Patois remains a distinct linguistic flavor that captures the island’s spirit. When you’re chatting with locals or listening to them speak, you’ll learn that it is much more than a unique ...Creole languages include varieties that are based on French, such as Haitian Creole, Louisiana Creole, and Mauritian Creole; English, such as Gullah (on the Sea Islands of the southeastern United States), Jamaican Creole, Guyanese Creole, and Hawaiian Creole; and Portuguese, such as Papiamentu (in Aruba, Bonaire, and …Topics specifically discussed include the functions of English and Creole (Patois) in the society and attitudes to these varieties, the origins, development and present state of English in Jamaica, the role of language in education and various proposals for taking Creole into account in classroom teaching.Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.The question of whether Jamaican Patois is merely "broken English" often sparks lively debate. At first glance, this language might seem perplexing, with its unique pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. However, to dismiss Jamaican Patois as a mere corruption of English would be to overlook its rich history, cultural significance, and …There is a heated debate amongst Jamaicans on whether “patois” (patwah) is a language or an English “dialect”. If you don’t know Jamaican patois (patwah) it definitely sounds like another language. Below is a list of 20 …Description. In this course, we will be discussing the origins of Patois and how the language is formulated to make it so unique and exciting. We will be discussing ways in which Patois is different from the English language. This course will also be giving a test at the end of each section to test how well the student is learning and applying ...Breakdown of "Wah Gwaan". The phrase "Wah Gwaan" consist of two Jamaican patois words, "wah" and "gwaan". The English translations are listed below. And you should know, "Wah gwaan" is not just limited to Jamaica. It's a phrase that's used all over the world, especially in Caribbean communities.On the contrary, Jamaican Standard English is the official language of Jamaica; nevertheless Standard Jamaican English is not spoken as widely as Jamaican …This form of English is used in commerce, government, media and education. It’s important to note, however, that Jamaicans are predominantly bilingual and also speak Jamaican Patois (also known as Jamaican Patwa or Creole), which is a combination of English and some African languages. The language has a distinctive rhythmic and melodic quality.The question of whether Jamaican Patois is merely "broken English" often sparks lively debate. At first glance, this language might seem perplexing, with its unique pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. However, to dismiss Jamaican Patois as a mere corruption of English would be to overlook its rich history, cultural significance, and …Jamaican Patois, also known as Jamaican Creole, is a fascinating English-based Creole language. While English is the official language of Jamaica, Patois remains a distinct linguistic flavor that captures the island’s spirit. When you’re chatting with locals or listening to them speak, you’ll learn that it is much more than a unique ...Breakdown of "Wah Gwaan". The phrase "Wah Gwaan" consist of two Jamaican patois words, "wah" and "gwaan". The English translations are listed below. And you should know, "Wah gwaan" is not just limited to Jamaica. It's a phrase that's used all over the world, especially in Caribbean communities.In the Jamaican Creole English - English dictionary you will find phrases with translations, examples, pronunciation and pictures. Translation is fast and saves you time. ... Language Jamaican Creole English Region. Native to: Jamaica, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia (San Andrés y Providencia). Users. 3,200,000. more.The two languages, Jamaican Creole and Jamaican Standard English, have been perpetually at odds with the root of this being the language politics. Compounding this situation is the varied language ...No matter what language you’re studying, it’s always important to memorize pronouns. Thankfully, the Jamaican Patois phrases associated with pronouns and possession shouldn’t be all too hard to learn if you’re a native English speaker. Below are the basic pronouns with the English listed first and the Jamaican Patois second. I : miOver time, Jamaican Patois evolved and became increasingly distinct from the English language. The language was influenced by various other languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and French. This was partly due to Jamaica's position as a center of international trade and commerce, and the language was influenced by the …English - Jamaican Patois Translator. Learn and understand Jamaican Patois. Jamaican Patwah is a free online dictionary that contains patois words, definitions, translations, alternative spellings … Learn Jamaican Language & Culture. ... Translate English phrases to Jamaican Patois with our free Patwah Translator Translate. Latest Articles. Jamaican Patois 101 ... Languages have linguistic features that include phonology, lexicon, grammar and syntax. Phonology is the sound system of a language. Lexicon is the vocabulary of the language. Grammar is the correct use of the language. And syntax is the proper arrangements of the words in a sentence within a language. These linguistic features play a different ...One of the most significant contributions to the Jamaican language was the English language. It became the official language of Jamaica under British rule and was spoken by the elite and educated classes. However, its influence on Jamaican Creole was limited, and the language developed its distinct phonology, grammar, and vocabulary. ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Browse Dictionary by Categories. Jamaican Expressions (484) Curse Words (55) Insult Words (107) Greetings (48) Dirty (225) Rastafarian (117) Love (10) Dancehall (109)293-294) Standard Jamaican English is the official language of Jamaica and used in all domains of public life. It is not only the language of the government, the law and the media but also used for education and for almost all kinds of written communication (Sand, 1999, p. 70). Standard English has been present in Jamaica for a long time.The primary language spoken in Jamaica is English, but the version of English spoken there is distinct and unique compared to other English-speaking countries. One of the most significant influences on the Jamaican language is the legacy of colonialism. Jamaica was a British colony for over 300 years, and the English spoken in Jamaica today ...Breakdown of "Wah Gwaan". The phrase "Wah Gwaan" consist of two Jamaican patois words, "wah" and "gwaan". The English translations are listed below. And you should know, "Wah gwaan" is not just limited to Jamaica. It's a phrase that's used all over the world, especially in Caribbean communities. Learning a few patois ( patwah) phrases will go a long way in communicating with Jamaicans. Below is a list of 18 Jamaican Patois phrases translated to English. I Will Be Right Back – Mi Soon Come. To Eat – Nyam. Jamaica – Jamrock, Jamdown, Yard. Jamaican – Yardie, Yard man. Friend – Bredren (male), Sistren (female) Well Done – Big ... Dec 24, 2023 · Over time, Jamaican Patois evolved and became increasingly distinct from the English language. The language was influenced by various other languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and French. This was partly due to Jamaica's position as a center of international trade and commerce, and the language was influenced by the many different ... The question of whether Jamaican Patois is merely "broken English" often sparks lively debate. At first glance, this language might seem perplexing, with its unique pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. However, to dismiss Jamaican Patois as a mere corruption of English would be to overlook its rich history, cultural significance, and … Browse Dictionary by Categories. Jamaican Expressions (484) Curse Words (55) Insult Words (107) Greetings (48) Dirty (225) Rastafarian (117) Love (10) Dancehall (109) These 80 Jamaican conversational patois sentences cover most of what you will need to get by and learn the language. News. Video. Articles, videos. Best of Jamaica. Music. Food. ... #Jamaican Language. #Language. #Patois. #Patwa. #Patwah. #Speak JA. #speak Jamaican. You may also like. Speak JA. 15 Jamaican Patois Slangs You …3 days ago · Jamaican Patois, a vibrant fusion of English, African, and Spanish influences, is the heart and soul of Jamaican communication. While English is the official language, Patois reigns supreme in everyday life, offering a glimpse into the island's rich cultural heritage. Biesik Jumiekan: Introduction to Jamaican Language This book, written by Larry Chang, is a Jamaican language primer for native speakers and beginners. Understanding Jamaican Patois: An Introduction to Afro-Jamaican Grammar. This book is written by Emilie L Adams and is a guide that provides an overview of the English …Browse Dictionary by Categories. Jamaican Expressions (484) Curse Words (55) Insult Words (107) Greetings (48) Dirty (225) Rastafarian (117) Love (10) Dancehall (109) The Jamaican Languge Unit may be contacted at: Email: [email protected]. Telephone: 876-970-2953. WhatsApp: 876-209-9065. The Jamaican Language Unit (JLU) is a Unit in the Department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy, UWI, Mona, with effect from September 2002. In May, 2001, representations were made to the Joint Select Committee of the ... Creole languages include varieties that are based on French, such as Haitian Creole, Louisiana Creole, and Mauritian Creole; English, such as Gullah (on the Sea Islands of the southeastern United States), Jamaican Creole, Guyanese Creole, and Hawaiian Creole; and Portuguese, such as Papiamentu (in Aruba, Bonaire, and … Jamaican English, including Jamaican Standard English, is a variety of English native to Jamaica and is the official language of the country. [1] A distinction exists between Jamaican English and Jamaican Patois (a creole language ), though not entirely a sharp distinction so much as a gradual continuum between two extremes. [2] Translate. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.This book offers a description and assessment of the Jamaican language situation. ... (Patois) in the society and attitudes to these varieties, the origins, development and present state of English in Jamaica, the role of language in education and various proposals for taking Creole into account in classroom teaching.While English is Jamaica's official language, Patois, also known as “Patwa” or “Jamaican Creole,” thrives in everyday conversations. It's a language of its own, used …We offer a variety of resources: Free online translation from English into Jamaican Patois and back, English-Jamaican Patois dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, and examples of usage. Jamaican Patwah. There is a heated debate amongst Jamaicans on whether "patois" (patwah) is a language or an English "dialect". If you don't know Jamaican patois (patwah) it definitely sounds like another language. Below is a list of 20 Essential Jamaican Patois phrases translated to English. Creole languages include varieties that are based on French, such as Haitian Creole, Louisiana Creole, and Mauritian Creole; English, such as Gullah (on the Sea Islands of the southeastern United States), Jamaican Creole, Guyanese Creole, and Hawaiian Creole; and Portuguese, such as Papiamentu (in Aruba, Bonaire, and …3 days ago · Example Sentences (Patois) Mi nuh tink yuh know oomuch mi luv yuh. (English) I don't think you know how much I love you. “ Yuh a mi boonoonoonoos „. English Translation: You're my sweetheart. Definition In Jamaican Patois, "Yuh a mi boonoonoonoos" unveils a whole new level of endearment. This term is usually used between people who are very ... It can be used in most situations. Hi/hey – Yow. Yow is a super informal Jamaican greeting that you’ll hear all the time in Jamaica. It can also be used to get someone’s attention. This phrase is often extended to ‘ yow mi boss ’ or ‘yow mi general ’. These are mostly used by young people, mainly young men.Translate. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Generally, Jamaicans speak two languages - English and Jamaican Patois, otherwise known by linguists as Jamaican Creole. Depending on where you are in Jamaica, one may be used more predominantly than …Welcome to my channel! This is Andy from I love languages. Let's learn different languages/dialects together. Please feel free to subscribe to see more of th... Translations from dictionary Jamaican Creole English - English, definitions, grammar. In Glosbe you will find translations from Jamaican Creole English into English coming from various sources. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information ... A 1781 text from the Cornwall Chronicle was discovered somewhere around 1997 by Maureen Warner Lewis in the course of her research. It is a big discovery for linguists studying Caribbean Creole languages. It is the oldest known text of Jamaican. In addition, it is the oldest text of a Caribbean English Creole outside of Suriname.Jamaican Patois is an English-based Creole language spoken primarily in Jamaica. It has a unique blend of African, English, and other influences. It is a vibrant and colorful language that reflects Jamaica’s rich cultural heritage. It is an integral part of Jamaican culture and identity. Learning Jamaican Patois can help you connect with ...Browse Dictionary by Categories. Jamaican Expressions (484) Curse Words (55) Insult Words (107) Greetings (48) Dirty (225) Rastafarian (117) Love (10) Dancehall (109)Do you want to learn a new language for free, fun and science-based? Duolingo is the world's most popular language learning platform, with courses in over 40 languages, interactive exercises, and a supportive community. Whether you want to practice online, on your phone, or with a podcast, Duolingo has something for you. Join millions of learners …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.With this patois translator/patwa translator you will be able to learn Jamaican phrases by translating phrase such as how are you or hello and in due time you will be able to create your own jamaica pharses. By using this tool for sometime you will be able to speak like a jamaican. Currently the best english to jamaican patois translator ...The Jamaican Languge Unit may be contacted at: Email: [email protected]. Telephone: 876-970-2953. WhatsApp: 876-209-9065. The Jamaican Language Unit (JLU) is a Unit in the Department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy, UWI, Mona, with effect from September 2002. In May, 2001, representations were made to the Joint Select …Jamaica is the third-largest English-speaking country in the Western Hemisphere. Jamaica uses English because it was a British colony. Like Canadians, however, Jamaicans have adopted many American words, phrases and spellings . English is Jamaica’s official language and is taught in schools, but Jamaica also has own …English - Jamaican Patois Translator. Learn and understand Jamaican Patois. Jamaican Patwah is a free online dictionary that contains patois words, definitions, translations, alternative spellings …Jamaica's main vernacular language is the English-lexified Jamaican Creole called Patwa, a language of ethnic/national identification, largely unintelligible to non-Jamaicans. Patwa, which comprises the basilect and mesolect of a Creole continuum, is not genetically descended from its English or African input languages. The acrolect, Standard … 360,000,000. Native to: Jamaica, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia (San Andrés y Providencia). 3,200,000. In the English - Jamaican Creole English dictionary you will find phrases with translations, examples, pronunciation and pictures. Translation is fast and saves you time. Learn Jamaican Language & Culture. ... Translate English phrases to Jamaican Patois with our free Patwah Translator Translate. Latest Articles. Jamaican Patois 101 ... Languages have linguistic features that include phonology, lexicon, grammar and syntax. Phonology is the sound system of a language. Lexicon is the vocabulary of the language. Grammar is the correct use of the language. And syntax is the proper arrangements of the words in a sentence within a language. These linguistic features play a different ...Description. In this course, we will be discussing the origins of Patois and how the language is formulated to make it so unique and exciting. We will be discussing ways in which Patois is different from the English language. This course will also be giving a test at the end of each section to test how well the student is learning and applying ...The primary language spoken in Jamaica is English, but the version of English spoken there is distinct and unique compared to other English-speaking countries. One of the most significant influences on the Jamaican language is the legacy of colonialism. Jamaica was a British colony for over 300 years, and the English spoken in Jamaica today ...Mar 30, 2023 · Jamaican Patois is a distinct language that has its own grammar that differs from standard English. Its grammatical structure is simpler, with fewer verb tenses and no articles or plural forms. In Patois, there is only one verb form for the present tense, regardless of the number of subjects. This means that the verb "run" would be the same for ... Learn how to speak Jamaican patios/patwa by learning basic "Introductions" in patois/ patwa in our video series "Speak Jamaican Patois". Visit our Jamaican ...Jamaican Patois, known locally as Patois (Patwa or Patwah) and called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is an English-based creole language with West African influences. A majority of non-English loan words are of Akan Ashanti origin. Spoken primarily in Jamaica and among the Jamaican diaspora; it is spoken by the majority of Jamaicans as a native ...support for this project, and for her longstanding commitment to issues in Jamaican language education. This project also owes a great deal of gratitude to Dr. Joseph T. Farquharson of The University of the West Indies, author of the Jamaican structure dataset, which formed part of the initial inspiration forIn this video I teach you 8 ways to convert English to Jamaican Patois and I also teach you how to sound more Jamaican. Jamaican Patois/ Jamaican Creole/ Le...

One of the most significant contributions to the Jamaican language was the English language. It became the official language of Jamaica under British rule and was spoken by the elite and educated classes. However, its influence on Jamaican Creole was limited, and the language developed its distinct phonology, grammar, and vocabulary. .... Pixel 8 pro colors

jamaican language to english

While it shares vocabulary and some grammatical structures with English, Jamaican Patois is considered a distinct language due to its unique phonology, syntax, …With this patois translator/patwa translator you will be able to learn Jamaican phrases by translating phrase such as how are you or hello and in due time you will be able to create your own jamaica pharses. By …A push is underway to make Jamaica’s Patois an official language, on par with English, as the country weighs cutting ties to the British monarchy. The Jamaican Language Unit at the University of ...But the point I wish to make here is that Jamaican is quite distinct from English, is rule-governed (has a grammar of its own); has its own ‘standard’, has a community of native speakers, is capable of expressing in writing any concept that can be expressed in English or any other language; and certainly can be expressed orthographically in ...The Jamaican Languge Unit may be contacted at: Email: [email protected]. Telephone: 876-970-2953. WhatsApp: 876-209-9065. The Jamaican Language Unit (JLU) is a Unit in the Department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy, UWI, Mona, with effect from September 2002. In May, 2001, representations were made to the Joint Select …Jamaican Patois is an English-based Creole language spoken primarily in Jamaica. It has a unique blend of African, English, and other influences. It is a vibrant and colorful language that reflects Jamaica’s rich cultural heritage. It is an integral part of Jamaican culture and identity. Learning Jamaican Patois can help you connect with ...This short video will not only teach some Jamaican phrases but also teach the basic rules and principles of Patois. Though it is tailored to Americans trying...The primary language spoken in Jamaica is English, but the version of English spoken there is distinct and unique compared to other English-speaking countries. One of the most significant influences on the Jamaican language is the legacy of colonialism. Jamaica was a British colony for over 300 years, and the English spoken in Jamaica today ...It can be used in most situations. Hi/hey – Yow. Yow is a super informal Jamaican greeting that you’ll hear all the time in Jamaica. It can also be used to get someone’s attention. This phrase is often extended to ‘ yow mi boss ’ or ‘yow mi general ’. These are mostly used by young people, mainly young men.Description. In this course, we will be discussing the origins of Patois and how the language is formulated to make it so unique and exciting. We will be discussing ways in which Patois is different from the English language. This course will also be giving a test at the end of each section to test how well the student is learning and applying ...Dec 24, 2023 · Over time, Jamaican Patois evolved and became increasingly distinct from the English language. The language was influenced by various other languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and French. This was partly due to Jamaica's position as a center of international trade and commerce, and the language was influenced by the many different ... Although English is the official language of the country, and a variant known as Jamaican English is acknowledged, it is mostly heard only in formal situations, unless one wants …This book offers a description and assessment of the Jamaican language situation. ... (Patois) in the society and attitudes to these varieties, the origins, development and present state of English in Jamaica, the role of language in education and various proposals for taking Creole into account in classroom teaching.The two languages, Jamaican Creole and Jamaican Standard English, have been perpetually at odds with the root of this being the language politics. Compounding this situation is the varied language ...One of the most significant contributions to the Jamaican language was the English language. It became the official language of Jamaica under British rule and was spoken by the elite and educated classes. However, its influence on Jamaican Creole was limited, and the language developed its distinct phonology, grammar, and vocabulary. ...Jamaican Patois (/ ˈ p æ t w ɑː /; locally rendered Patwah and called Jamaican Creole by linguists) is an English-based creole language with West African, Taíno, Irish, Spanish, …The primary language spoken in Jamaica is English, but the version of English spoken there is distinct and unique compared to other English-speaking countries. One of the most significant influences on the Jamaican language is the legacy of colonialism. Jamaica was a British colony for over 300 years, and the English spoken in Jamaica today ....

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